String functions or Text functions in sql

select initcap('neoapp tech hyd') from dual;

...

select upper('computer') from dual;

....COMPUTER

select length('computer') from dual;

...find the length of given string

select ename,length(ename) from emp where length(ename)=5;

select ltrim('     suresh') from dual;

..remove blank space from leftside of a string

select rtrim('computer    ') from dual;

....remove blank space from rightside of a string

select trim('     computer    ') from dual;

..remove blank space from both side of a string

select ascii('A') from dual;

..returns ascii code of a given string

select concat('chandu','bandi') from dual;

..to concatinate two strings into a single string

select substr('computer',4,3) from dual;

....it is used to extract a user required string from a given string based on starting position and number of charecters.

select replace('chandrika','andrika','engamma') from dual;

...it is used to search for text2 in text1 and replace text3 at all the occurances of text2 in text1.

select instr('suresh','h') from dual;

...if position is specified then it will search text from that position.

select lpad('computer',20,'*') from dual;

...it is used to disply text1 with size n charecters and provides left padding with text2

select rpad('suresh',20,'*') from dual;

...it is used to disply text1 with size n charecters and provides right padding with text2